Interrelation of cardiovascular pathology and periodontal disease
Keywords:
periodontal tissue diseases, cardiovascular pathology, atherosclerosis, infective endocarditis, parodontopathogenic microflora
Abstract
The article contains a review of literature on current views on the etiology and pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues, their relationship to the pathology of the cardiovascular system. Presented modern data on the role of parodontopathogenic microflora in the initiation and development of cardiovascular diseases. Pathogenetic link, which strengthens the connection between cardiovascular pathology and periodontal tissue diseases, is a systemic inflammatory reaction. The conjugate course of somatic and dental pathology requires joint efforts from dentists and cardiologists to prevent common risk factors.
References
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10. The prevalence and incidence of coronary heart disease is significantly increased in periodontitis: a meta-analysis / Bahekar A. A., Singh S., Saha S. et al. // Am Heart J. – 2007. – Vol. 154. – P. 830–7.
11. Periodontitis in coronary heart disease patients: strong association between bleeding on probing and systemic biomarkers / Bokhari S. A. H., Khan A. A., Butt A. K. et al. // J ClinPeriodontol. – 2014. – Vol. 41. – P. 1048– 1054.
12. Periodontal diseases and cardiovascular events: Meta-analysis of observational studies / Blaizot A., Vergnes J. N., Nuwwareh S. et al. // Int Dent J. –2009. – Vol. 59. – P. 197–209. [PubMed]
13. Relationship between the oral cavity and cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome / Carramolino-Cuйllar E., Tomбs I., Jimйnez-Soriano // Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. – 2014 May 1. – Vol. 19 (3). – e289–94.
14. Periodontitis may increase the risk of peripheral arterial disease / Chen Y. W. et al. // Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. – 2008. – Vol. 35. – P. 153–8.
15. Periodontitis and atherogenesis: causal association or simple coincidence / D’Aiuto F., Parkar M., Andreaou G. et al. // J Clin Periodontol. – 2004. – Vol. 31. – P. 402–411.
16. Evidence that periodontal treatment improves biomarkers and CVD outcomes / D’Aiuto F., Orlandi M., Gunsolley J. C. // J Clin Periodontol. – 2013. – Vol. 40. – P. 85–105.
17. Periodontitis and atherogenesis: causal association or simple coincidence / D’Aiuto F., Parkar M., Andreaou G. et al. // J Clin Periodontol. – 2004. – Vol. 31. – P. 402–11. [PubMed]
18. Serum antibodies to periodontal pathogens and markers of systemic inflammation / Dye B. A., Choudhary K., Shea S. et al. // J Clin Periodontol. – 2005. – Vol. 32. – P. 1189– 99. [PubMed]
19. De Nardin E. The role of inflammatory and immunological mediators in periodontitis and cardiovascular disease // Ann Periodontol. – 2001. – Vol. 6. – P. 30–40.
20. Incidence of bacteremia after chewing, tooth brushing and scaling in individuals with periodontal inflammation / Forner L., Larsen T., Kilian M. / J Clin Periodontol. –2006 Jun. – Vol. 33 (6). – P. 401–7.
21. Increased plasma levels of IL-6 in bacteremic periodontitis patients after scaling / Forner L., Nielsen C. H., Bendtzen K. et al. // J Clin Periodontol. – 2006. – Vol. 33. – P. 724–729.
22. The interaction of bacterial pathogens with platelets / Fitzgerald J. R., Foster T. J., Cox D. // Nat Rev Microbiol. – 2006. – Vol. 4. – P. 445–57. [PubMed]
23. Guidelines for the prevention of endocarditis: report of the Working Party of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy / F. K. Gould1, T. S. J. Elliott, J. Foweraker et al. // Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. – 2006. – Vol. 57. – P. 1035–1042.
24. Georg A. Roth, Bernhard Moser. Infection with a periodontal pathogen increases mononuclear cell adhesion to human aortic endothelial cells / Atherosclerosis. – 2007. – Vol. 190. – P. 271–281;
25. Innate immune signaling and Porphyromonas gingivalis accelerated atherosclerosis / Gibson F. C., Yumoto H., Takahashi Y. et al. // J Dent Res. – 2006. – Vol. 85. – P. 106–121.
26. Systemic release of endotoxins induced by gentle mastication: association with periodontitis severity / Geerts S. O., Nys M., De M. P. et al. // J Periodontol. – 2002. – Vol. 73 (1). – P. 73–8.
27. Oral Inflammatory Diseases and Systemic Inflammation: Role of the Macrophage / Hatice Hasturk, Alpdogan Kantarci and Thomas E. Van Dyke // Front Immunol. – 2012. – Vol. 3. – P. 118.
28. Identification of periodontal pathogens in atheromatous plaques / Haraszthy V. I., Zambon J. J., Trevisan M. et al. // Periodontol. – 2007. – Vol. 1. – P. 1554–60. [PubMed]
29. Guidelines on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infective endocarditis executive summary the task force on infective endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology / Horstkotte D., Follath F., Gutschik E. et al. // Eur Heart J. – 2004. – Vol. 25. – P. 267–76.
30. Holt S. C., Ebersole J. L. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia: the “red complex”, a prototype polybacterial pathogenic consortium in periodontitis // Periodontol. – 2000, 2005. – Vol. 38. – P. 72–122.
31. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) a possible link between impaired oral health and acute myocardial infarction / Holmlund A., Hedin M., Pussinen P. J. et al. // Int J Cardiol. – 2009. – Vol. 148. – P. 148–53.
32. Role for periodontitis in the progression of lipid deposition in an animal model / Jain A., Batista E. L. et al. // Infect. Immun. – 2003. – Vol. 71, 6012–601810.1128/ IAI.71.10.6012-6018.2003
33. Meta-analysis of periodontal disease and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke / Janket S. J., Baird A. E., Chuang S. K. et al. // Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. – 2003. – Vol. 95. – P. 559–69. [PubMed]
34. Periodontal disease, tooth loss, and incidence of ischemic stroke / Joshipura K. J. et al. // Stroke. – 2003. – Vol. 34. – P. 47–52.
35. Bacteraemia following periodontal procedures / Kinane D. F., Riggio M. P., Walker K. F. et al. // J Clin Periodontol. – 2005 Jul. – Vol. 32 (7). – P. 708–13.
36. Bacteraemia following periodontal procedures / Kinane D. F., Riggio M. P., Walker K. F. et al. // J Clin Periodontol. – 2005. – Vol. 32 (7). – P. 708–13.
37. Role of periodontal bacteria in cardiovascular disease / Kuramitsu H. K., Qi M., Kang I. C. et al. // Ann periodontal. – 2001. – Vol. 6. – P. 41–7. [PubMed]
38. Oral infection with a periodontal pathogen accelerates early atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-null mice / Lalla E., Lamster I. B., Hofmann M. A. et al. // Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. – 2003 Aug 1. – Vol. 23 (8). – P. 1405–11. Epub 2003 Jun 19.
39. Perio-dontal disease and atherosclerotic vascular disease: does the evidence support an independent asso-ciation: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association / Lockhart P. B., Bolger A. F., Papapanou P. N. et al. // Circulation. – 2012. – Vol. 125. – P. 2520–44.
40. Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced platelet aggregation in plasma depends on Hgp44 adhesin but not Rgp proteinase / Naito M., Sakai E., Shi Y. et al. // Mol. Microbiol. – 2006. – Vol. 59 (1). – P. 152–167.
41. Periodontitis-associated up-regulation of systemic inflammatory mediator level may increase the risk of coronary heart disease / Nakajima T., Honda T., Domon H. et al. // J Periodont Res. – 2010. – Vol. 45. – P. 116–122.
42. State of the science: chronic periodontitis and systemic health / Otomo-Corgel J., Pucher J. J., Rethman M. P. et al. // J Evid Based Dent Pract. – 2012. – Vol. 12 (3 Suppl). – P. 20–8.
43. A systematic review and meta – analyses on C – reactive protein in relation to periodontitis / Paraskevas S., Huizinga J. D., Loos B. G. // J Clin Periodontal. – 2008. – Vol. 35. – P. 277–90.
44. C-reactive protein associated with periodontitis in a Thai population / Pitiphat W., Savetsilp W., Wara-Aswapati N // J Clin Periodontol. – 2008. – Vol. 35. – P. 120–25. [PubMed]
45. The link between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease: How far we have come in last two decades? / Prasad Dhadse, Deepti Gattani and Rohit Mishra // J Indian Soc Periodontol. – 2010 Jul-Sep. – Vol. 14 (3). – P. 148–154.
46. Ramsdale D. R., Turner-Stokes L. Advisory Group of the British Cardiac Society Clinical Practice Committee et al. Prophylaxis and treatment of infective endocarditis in adults: a concise guide // Clin Med. – 2004. – Vol. 4. – P. 545–50.
47. Reeves G. C-reactive protein // Aust Prescr. – 2007. – Vol. 30. – P. 74–76.
48. IgG sera levels against a subset of periodontopathogens and severity of disease in aggressive periodontitis patients: acrosssectional study of selected pocket sites / Saraiva L., Rebeis E. S., Martins E. S. et al. // J Clin Periodontol. – 2014. – Vol. 41. – P. 943–951.
49. C-reactive protein levels in patients with aggressive periodontitis / Salzberg T. N., Overstreet B. T., Rogers J. D. et al. // J Periodontol. – 2006. – Vol. 77. – P. 933–39. [PubMed]
50. Microbiological parameters associated with IL-1 gene polymorphisms in periodontitis patients / Socransky S. S., Haffajee A. D., Smith C. et al. // J Clin Periodontol. – 2000. – Vol. 27. – P. 8108.
51. Activation of human gingival epithelial cells by cell-surface components of blackpigmented bacteria: mentation of production of interleukin-8, granulocyte colony-stimulation factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulation factor and expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 / Sugiyama A., Uehara A., Matsushita K. et al. // Bact Pathogen. – 2002. – Vol. 51. – P. 27–33.
52. Porphyromonasgingivalis platelet aggregation activity: outer membrane vesicles are potent activators of murine platelets / Sharma A., Novak E. K., Sojar H. T. et al. // Oral Microbiol. Immunol. – 2000. – Vol. 15 (6). – P. 393–396.
53. Taguchi A. Association between Oral Health and the Risk of Lacunar Infarction in Japanese Adults / A. Taguchi, M. Miki, A. Muto [et al.] // Gerontology. – 2013. – Vol. 59, № 6. – P. 499–506.
54. Periodontal disease and risk of cerebrovascular disease: The First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and its follow-up study / Wu T. et al. // Arch Intern Med. – 2000. – Vol. 160. – P. 2749–55.
55. Wozakowska-Kaplon B. Oral health status and the occurrence and clinical course of myocardial infarction in hospital phase: A case-control study / B. Wozakowska-Kaplon, M. Wosowicz, I. Gorczyca-Michta et al. // Cardiol. J. – 2013. – Vol. 20, № 4. – P. 370–377.
56. Prevotella nigrescens and Porphyromonas gingivalis are associated with signs of carotid atherosclerosis in subjects with and without periodontitis / Yakob M., Sцder B., Meurman J. H. et al. // J Periodontal Res. – 2011. – Vol. 46. – P. 749–55.
57. Porphyromonas gingivalis induces myocarditis and/or myocardial infarction in mice and IL-17A is involved in pathogenesis of these diseases / Yuki Akamatsu, Toshiro Yamamoto et al. // Archives of oral biology. – 2011. – Vol. 56. – P. 1290–1298.
2. Мазур И. П., Харченко Н. Л. Микробиологический мониторинг транзиторной бактериемии у стоматологических больных // Дентальные технологии. – 2010. – № 1 (44). – С. 10–13.
3. Variations of Porphyromonasgingivalis fimbriae in relation to microbial pathogenesis / Amano A., Nakagawa I., Okahashi N. et al. // J Periodont Res. – 2004. – Vol. 39. – P. 136–42.
4. Detection of Transient Bacteraemia following Dental Extractions by 16S rDNA Pyrosequencing: A Pilot Study / Alfonso Benнtez-Pбez, Maximiliano Бlvarez, Pedro Belda-Ferre et al. // PLoS One. – 2013. – Vol. 8 (3). – e57782.
5. Silvestre FJ. Cardiovascular disease versus periodontal disease: Chronic systemic infection as a link / Alonso-Gonzбlez R., Pйrez-Hernбndez A., Silvestre-Rangil J. et al. // J ClinExpDent. – 2011. – Vol. 3. – e476.
6. Bacteremia following scaling and root planing: A clinico-microbiological study / Alka S. Waghmare, Priyanka B. Vhanmane, B. Savitha et al. // J Indian Soc Periodontol. – 2013 Nov-Dec. – Vol. 17 (6). – P. 725–730.
7. Dissemination of Periodontal Pathogens in the Bloodstream after Periodontal Procedures: A Systematic Revie / Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini Horliana, Leandro Chambrone, Adriana Moura Foz et al. // PLoS One. – 2014. – Vol. 9 (5). – e98271.
8. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ACVDs) are a leading cause of death and disability across the developed world and impose a vast burden on healthcare resources. This category of diseases includes / EFP & MS Media Service [www.perioworkshop.org] / MAY 2013
9. Amano A. Disruption of epithelial barrier and impairment of cellular function by Porphyromonas gingivalis // Front Biosci. – 2007. – Vol. 12. – P. 3965–74. [PubMed]
10. The prevalence and incidence of coronary heart disease is significantly increased in periodontitis: a meta-analysis / Bahekar A. A., Singh S., Saha S. et al. // Am Heart J. – 2007. – Vol. 154. – P. 830–7.
11. Periodontitis in coronary heart disease patients: strong association between bleeding on probing and systemic biomarkers / Bokhari S. A. H., Khan A. A., Butt A. K. et al. // J ClinPeriodontol. – 2014. – Vol. 41. – P. 1048– 1054.
12. Periodontal diseases and cardiovascular events: Meta-analysis of observational studies / Blaizot A., Vergnes J. N., Nuwwareh S. et al. // Int Dent J. –2009. – Vol. 59. – P. 197–209. [PubMed]
13. Relationship between the oral cavity and cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome / Carramolino-Cuйllar E., Tomбs I., Jimйnez-Soriano // Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. – 2014 May 1. – Vol. 19 (3). – e289–94.
14. Periodontitis may increase the risk of peripheral arterial disease / Chen Y. W. et al. // Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. – 2008. – Vol. 35. – P. 153–8.
15. Periodontitis and atherogenesis: causal association or simple coincidence / D’Aiuto F., Parkar M., Andreaou G. et al. // J Clin Periodontol. – 2004. – Vol. 31. – P. 402–411.
16. Evidence that periodontal treatment improves biomarkers and CVD outcomes / D’Aiuto F., Orlandi M., Gunsolley J. C. // J Clin Periodontol. – 2013. – Vol. 40. – P. 85–105.
17. Periodontitis and atherogenesis: causal association or simple coincidence / D’Aiuto F., Parkar M., Andreaou G. et al. // J Clin Periodontol. – 2004. – Vol. 31. – P. 402–11. [PubMed]
18. Serum antibodies to periodontal pathogens and markers of systemic inflammation / Dye B. A., Choudhary K., Shea S. et al. // J Clin Periodontol. – 2005. – Vol. 32. – P. 1189– 99. [PubMed]
19. De Nardin E. The role of inflammatory and immunological mediators in periodontitis and cardiovascular disease // Ann Periodontol. – 2001. – Vol. 6. – P. 30–40.
20. Incidence of bacteremia after chewing, tooth brushing and scaling in individuals with periodontal inflammation / Forner L., Larsen T., Kilian M. / J Clin Periodontol. –2006 Jun. – Vol. 33 (6). – P. 401–7.
21. Increased plasma levels of IL-6 in bacteremic periodontitis patients after scaling / Forner L., Nielsen C. H., Bendtzen K. et al. // J Clin Periodontol. – 2006. – Vol. 33. – P. 724–729.
22. The interaction of bacterial pathogens with platelets / Fitzgerald J. R., Foster T. J., Cox D. // Nat Rev Microbiol. – 2006. – Vol. 4. – P. 445–57. [PubMed]
23. Guidelines for the prevention of endocarditis: report of the Working Party of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy / F. K. Gould1, T. S. J. Elliott, J. Foweraker et al. // Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. – 2006. – Vol. 57. – P. 1035–1042.
24. Georg A. Roth, Bernhard Moser. Infection with a periodontal pathogen increases mononuclear cell adhesion to human aortic endothelial cells / Atherosclerosis. – 2007. – Vol. 190. – P. 271–281;
25. Innate immune signaling and Porphyromonas gingivalis accelerated atherosclerosis / Gibson F. C., Yumoto H., Takahashi Y. et al. // J Dent Res. – 2006. – Vol. 85. – P. 106–121.
26. Systemic release of endotoxins induced by gentle mastication: association with periodontitis severity / Geerts S. O., Nys M., De M. P. et al. // J Periodontol. – 2002. – Vol. 73 (1). – P. 73–8.
27. Oral Inflammatory Diseases and Systemic Inflammation: Role of the Macrophage / Hatice Hasturk, Alpdogan Kantarci and Thomas E. Van Dyke // Front Immunol. – 2012. – Vol. 3. – P. 118.
28. Identification of periodontal pathogens in atheromatous plaques / Haraszthy V. I., Zambon J. J., Trevisan M. et al. // Periodontol. – 2007. – Vol. 1. – P. 1554–60. [PubMed]
29. Guidelines on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infective endocarditis executive summary the task force on infective endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology / Horstkotte D., Follath F., Gutschik E. et al. // Eur Heart J. – 2004. – Vol. 25. – P. 267–76.
30. Holt S. C., Ebersole J. L. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia: the “red complex”, a prototype polybacterial pathogenic consortium in periodontitis // Periodontol. – 2000, 2005. – Vol. 38. – P. 72–122.
31. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) a possible link between impaired oral health and acute myocardial infarction / Holmlund A., Hedin M., Pussinen P. J. et al. // Int J Cardiol. – 2009. – Vol. 148. – P. 148–53.
32. Role for periodontitis in the progression of lipid deposition in an animal model / Jain A., Batista E. L. et al. // Infect. Immun. – 2003. – Vol. 71, 6012–601810.1128/ IAI.71.10.6012-6018.2003
33. Meta-analysis of periodontal disease and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke / Janket S. J., Baird A. E., Chuang S. K. et al. // Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. – 2003. – Vol. 95. – P. 559–69. [PubMed]
34. Periodontal disease, tooth loss, and incidence of ischemic stroke / Joshipura K. J. et al. // Stroke. – 2003. – Vol. 34. – P. 47–52.
35. Bacteraemia following periodontal procedures / Kinane D. F., Riggio M. P., Walker K. F. et al. // J Clin Periodontol. – 2005 Jul. – Vol. 32 (7). – P. 708–13.
36. Bacteraemia following periodontal procedures / Kinane D. F., Riggio M. P., Walker K. F. et al. // J Clin Periodontol. – 2005. – Vol. 32 (7). – P. 708–13.
37. Role of periodontal bacteria in cardiovascular disease / Kuramitsu H. K., Qi M., Kang I. C. et al. // Ann periodontal. – 2001. – Vol. 6. – P. 41–7. [PubMed]
38. Oral infection with a periodontal pathogen accelerates early atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-null mice / Lalla E., Lamster I. B., Hofmann M. A. et al. // Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. – 2003 Aug 1. – Vol. 23 (8). – P. 1405–11. Epub 2003 Jun 19.
39. Perio-dontal disease and atherosclerotic vascular disease: does the evidence support an independent asso-ciation: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association / Lockhart P. B., Bolger A. F., Papapanou P. N. et al. // Circulation. – 2012. – Vol. 125. – P. 2520–44.
40. Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced platelet aggregation in plasma depends on Hgp44 adhesin but not Rgp proteinase / Naito M., Sakai E., Shi Y. et al. // Mol. Microbiol. – 2006. – Vol. 59 (1). – P. 152–167.
41. Periodontitis-associated up-regulation of systemic inflammatory mediator level may increase the risk of coronary heart disease / Nakajima T., Honda T., Domon H. et al. // J Periodont Res. – 2010. – Vol. 45. – P. 116–122.
42. State of the science: chronic periodontitis and systemic health / Otomo-Corgel J., Pucher J. J., Rethman M. P. et al. // J Evid Based Dent Pract. – 2012. – Vol. 12 (3 Suppl). – P. 20–8.
43. A systematic review and meta – analyses on C – reactive protein in relation to periodontitis / Paraskevas S., Huizinga J. D., Loos B. G. // J Clin Periodontal. – 2008. – Vol. 35. – P. 277–90.
44. C-reactive protein associated with periodontitis in a Thai population / Pitiphat W., Savetsilp W., Wara-Aswapati N // J Clin Periodontol. – 2008. – Vol. 35. – P. 120–25. [PubMed]
45. The link between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease: How far we have come in last two decades? / Prasad Dhadse, Deepti Gattani and Rohit Mishra // J Indian Soc Periodontol. – 2010 Jul-Sep. – Vol. 14 (3). – P. 148–154.
46. Ramsdale D. R., Turner-Stokes L. Advisory Group of the British Cardiac Society Clinical Practice Committee et al. Prophylaxis and treatment of infective endocarditis in adults: a concise guide // Clin Med. – 2004. – Vol. 4. – P. 545–50.
47. Reeves G. C-reactive protein // Aust Prescr. – 2007. – Vol. 30. – P. 74–76.
48. IgG sera levels against a subset of periodontopathogens and severity of disease in aggressive periodontitis patients: acrosssectional study of selected pocket sites / Saraiva L., Rebeis E. S., Martins E. S. et al. // J Clin Periodontol. – 2014. – Vol. 41. – P. 943–951.
49. C-reactive protein levels in patients with aggressive periodontitis / Salzberg T. N., Overstreet B. T., Rogers J. D. et al. // J Periodontol. – 2006. – Vol. 77. – P. 933–39. [PubMed]
50. Microbiological parameters associated with IL-1 gene polymorphisms in periodontitis patients / Socransky S. S., Haffajee A. D., Smith C. et al. // J Clin Periodontol. – 2000. – Vol. 27. – P. 8108.
51. Activation of human gingival epithelial cells by cell-surface components of blackpigmented bacteria: mentation of production of interleukin-8, granulocyte colony-stimulation factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulation factor and expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 / Sugiyama A., Uehara A., Matsushita K. et al. // Bact Pathogen. – 2002. – Vol. 51. – P. 27–33.
52. Porphyromonasgingivalis platelet aggregation activity: outer membrane vesicles are potent activators of murine platelets / Sharma A., Novak E. K., Sojar H. T. et al. // Oral Microbiol. Immunol. – 2000. – Vol. 15 (6). – P. 393–396.
53. Taguchi A. Association between Oral Health and the Risk of Lacunar Infarction in Japanese Adults / A. Taguchi, M. Miki, A. Muto [et al.] // Gerontology. – 2013. – Vol. 59, № 6. – P. 499–506.
54. Periodontal disease and risk of cerebrovascular disease: The First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and its follow-up study / Wu T. et al. // Arch Intern Med. – 2000. – Vol. 160. – P. 2749–55.
55. Wozakowska-Kaplon B. Oral health status and the occurrence and clinical course of myocardial infarction in hospital phase: A case-control study / B. Wozakowska-Kaplon, M. Wosowicz, I. Gorczyca-Michta et al. // Cardiol. J. – 2013. – Vol. 20, № 4. – P. 370–377.
56. Prevotella nigrescens and Porphyromonas gingivalis are associated with signs of carotid atherosclerosis in subjects with and without periodontitis / Yakob M., Sцder B., Meurman J. H. et al. // J Periodontal Res. – 2011. – Vol. 46. – P. 749–55.
57. Porphyromonas gingivalis induces myocarditis and/or myocardial infarction in mice and IL-17A is involved in pathogenesis of these diseases / Yuki Akamatsu, Toshiro Yamamoto et al. // Archives of oral biology. – 2011. – Vol. 56. – P. 1290–1298.
Published
2018-03-12
How to Cite
Vitovsky, R. M., Mazur, I. P., Slobodyanik, M. V., & Martyshchenko, I. V. (2018). Interrelation of cardiovascular pathology and periodontal disease. Ukrainian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery, (1 (30), 72-78. https://doi.org/10.30702/ujcvs/18.30/16(072-078)
Section
GENERAL ISSUES OF TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGY
